Secular Changes in Male Body Height in the European Part of Russia during the 20th Century

Significant political and economic transformations took place on the territory of contemporary Russia in the first part of the 20th century. We hypothesized that they would have affected male growth curve negatively. To test this idea, the dataset was collected to present the graph, which illustrates the changes in male body height during the 20th century. We searched for bibliographic sources with information about body height of men and women born during the 20th century, with full description of measurement methodology, sample design and significant geographical distribution of the dataset covering more than 15 territories of the country – cities or regions. Such criteria were met only for men. We found only 8 sources that could be considered reliable in the research. The observed graph confirms positive changes in male body height on the territory of the European part of contemporary Russia: for those, who were born in 1900‘s it was 166.1 cm, in 1920s – 166.5 cm, in 1940s – 171 cm, in 1960s – 174.8 cm and in 1980s the indicator reached 176.1 cm. No significant negative changes in this indicator have been found during the studied period. The primary hypothesis that political and socio-economic transformations affect male growth curve negatively was confirmed only partly. We concluded that unfavorable political and socio-economic events (such as revolutions, World War I and World War II, purges and famines) influenced the pace of body height increase in men. While the main period of secular trend was fixed in the first decades of the 20th century in Germany, Netherlands and France, in this part of Russia it occurred later, in 1930–1960s. However, the total increase in male height was very similar for all mentioned territories (9–11 cm) during 1900–1980’s

«Качество жизни»: ключевые подходы и структура понятия

Понятие «качество жизни» стало проникать в политическую и научную жизнь США и стран Западной Европы в середине ХХ века. Сначала термин использовался для обозначения качественных аспектов высокого уровня жизни американского общества. В дальнейшем понятие «качество жизни» стало применяться как общее название широкого круга социальных индикаторов. Интуитивная ясность термина сделала его популярным в политике, общественных дискуссиях и науке. Он стал использоваться во многих научных дисциплинах, что привело к трансформации его смысла под влиянием различных теоретических основ таких наук, как психология, социология, экономика, философия. В 1970—1980-е годы сформировались основные подходы к изучению понятия «качество жизни»: субъективный, объективный и основанный на расширении человеческих возможностей. В 2009 г. в рамках доклада Комиссии по основным показателям экономической деятельности и социального прогресса, подготовленного под руководством Нобелевских лауреатов по экономике Дж. Стиглица, А. Сена и французского экономиста Ж.-П. Фитусси был предложен новый интегральный подход к понятию «качество жизни», объединяющий все ранее обозначенные. В статье описаны предпосылки появления понятия «качество жизни», рассматриваются существующие подходы к его изучению, приведена современная структура понятия, показано место России среди других стран по индикаторам качества жизни на основании данных ОЭСР

« JEOPARDY! » КАК ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЙ ФОРМАТ РОССИЙСКОЙ ИНТЕЛЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЙ ТЕЛЕИГРЫ «СВОЯ ИГРА»

The article deals with the history of the origin, formation and functioning of the American intellectual game «Jeopardy! », which is the original format of the Russian intellectual TV game «Svoya igra». The object of the research in question is an American intellectual game Jeopardy! The subject of the research is the history and the specificity of this intellectual game. The work also focuses on the study of the features and rules of the game «Jeopardy! ».Based on the analysis of the features of the foreign format «Jeopardy! » – the original format of the intellectual game «Svoya igra» and the Russian version of the program «Svoya igra» the authors have identified similarities and differences, the specific features of this format as an intellectual game on the domestic TV screen.El artículo trata sobre la historia del origen, ¡la formación y el funcionamiento del juego intelectual estadounidense «Jeopardy!», Que es el formato original del juego de televisión intelectual ruso «Svoya igra». ¡El objeto de la investigación en cuestión es un juego intelectual estadounidense Jeopardy! El tema de la investigación es la historia y la especificidad de este juego intelectual. El trabajo también se centra en el estudio de las características y reglas del juego «¡Peligro!». Basado en el análisis de las características del formato extranjero «¡Peligro!» - el formato original del juego intelectual «Svoya igra» y la versión rusa del programa «Svoya igra», los autores han identificado similitudes y diferencias, las características específicas de este formato como un juego intelectual en la pantalla de televisión nacional.В статье рассматривается история возникновения, становления и функционирование американской интеллектуальной игры «Jeopardy!» (¡«Рискуй!»), которая является оригинальным форматом российской интеллектуальной телеигры «Своя игра». Объектом исследования выступает американская интеллектуальная игра «Jeopardy!» («Рискуй! »). Предмет исследования: ¡история интеллектуальной игры «Jeopardy!» («Рискуй! ») и ее специфика. В работе также большое внимание уделено изучению особенностей и правил телеигры «Jeopardy!» («Рискуй! »).На основе анализа особенностей зарубежного формата «Jeopardy!» («Рискуй! ») – оригинального формата интеллектуальной игры «Своя игра» и российской версии программы «Своя игра» в данной статье авторы выявили сходства и различия, специфические особенности такого формата, как интеллектуальная игра на отечественном телеэкране

Nutritional Status Disorders in Chronic Kidney Disease: Practical Aspects (Systematic Review)

Despite the significant achievements in the management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients, the mortality rate of these patients still remains high. Nutritional status disorders (NSD) are considered now as one of the prognostic risk factors not only for dialysis but also for predialysis CKD stages. Since the publication of KDIGO 2012 guidelines for CKD patient’s management, there has been some significant advancement in our understanding of main NSD mechanisms in CKD, including different nosological group patients (first, in diabetic and systemic diseases patients). At the same time, there is still an urgent need for randomized trials for better-informed decisions and future optimization of CKD patients’ care. This chapter provides the current data on all aspects of NSD in CKD: etiology, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment approaches, as well as on risk factors of NSD at predialysis stages and in chronic hemodialysis patients. Considerable attention was devoted to the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of NSD in CKD patients. It was determined that the overall strategy for dietary treatment contributed to improving the life quality of patients and slowing down of CKD progression. The review is written based on the published results of clinical studies performed on the position of evidence-based medicine

Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease and After Kidney Allotransplantation (Systematic Review)

Anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been recognized as a separate independent risk factor of cardiovascular (CV) events. The aim of the review is to provide a literature summary concerning early diagnosis and treatment of anemia in CKD that may be useful for clinicians and contribute to decrease CV mortality. Literature searches were made in such major databases as: PubMed, Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Wiley Online Library, Scopus, Web of Science, e-library, and website of WHO. This search encompassed original articles, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses relevant to CKD and anemia over recent 15 years. A total of 54 references from 562 reviewed articles were selected as they met to the search criteria (anemia and CKD, including diabetes mellitus, systemic diseases and post-transplant anemia). The publications included 27 randomized controlled trials, 20 experimental studies representing new data on the links of CKD anemia and cardiovascular risk markers (cytokines, Klotho, fibroblast growth factor (FGF-23), hyperglycemia, hypoalbuminemia and some others), 4 systematic reviews and 3 clinical practice guidelines. The main attention was devoted to the analysis of the studies provided an early diagnosis of anemia, an ability to minimize the factors contributing to its severity that have allowed to improve CV and total outcomes and to reduce costs of hospital treatment of CKD patients with anemia

Slav-NER : the 3rd Cross-lingual Challenge on Recognition, Normalization, Classification, and Linking of Named Entities across Slavic languages

Non peer reviewe

Growth, Nutrition and Economy : Proceedings of the 27th Aschauer Soiree, held at Krobielowice, Poland, November 16th 2019

Twenty-three scientists met at Krobielowice, Poland to discuss the role of growth, nutrition and economy on body size. Contrasting prevailing concepts, re-analyses of studies in Indonesian and Guatemalan school children with high prevalence of stunting failed to provide evidence for an association between nutritional status and body height. Direct effects of parental education on growth that were not transmitted via nutrition were shown in Indian datasets using network analysis and novel statistical methods (St. Nicolas House Analysis) that translate correlation matrices into network graphs. Data on Polish children suggest significant impact of socioeconomic sensitivity on child growth, with no effect of maternal money satisfaction. Height and maturation tempo affect the position of a child among its peers. Correlations also exist between mood disorders and height. Secular changes in height and weight varied across decades independent of population size. Historic and recent Russian data showed that height of persons whose fathers performed manual work were on average four cm shorter than persons whose fathers were high-degree specialists. Body height, menarcheal age, and body proportions are sensitive to socioeconomic variables. Additional topics included delayed motherhood and its associations with newborn size; geographic and socioeconomic indicators related to low birth weight, prematurity and stillbirth rate; data on anthropometric history of Brazil, 1850-1950; the impact of central nervous system stimulants on the growth of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; and pituitary development and growth hormone secretion. Final discussions debated on reverse causality interfering between social position, and adolescent growth and developmental tempo.Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse

Slav-NER: the 3. vícejazyčná soutěž na rozpoznání, normalizaci, klasifikaci linkování pojmenovaných entit napříč slovanskými jazyky

Tento článek popisuje Slav-NER: 3. vícejazyčnou soutěž pojmenovaných entit ve slovanských jazycích. Úkoly zahrnují rozpoznávání zmínek o pojmenovaných entitách ve webových dokumentech, normalizaci názvů a mezijazyčné propojování. Soutěž zahrnuje šest jazyků a pět typů entit a je organizována v rámci workshopu 8th Balto-Slavic Natural Language Processing Workshop, který se koná společně s konferencí EACL 2021. Soutěže se zúčastnilo deset týmů. Úspěšnost v úloze rozpoznávání pojmenovaných entit dosáhla 90% F-míry, což je mnohem více, než bylo zaznamenáno v prvním ročníku výzvy. Sedm týmů pokrylo všech šest jazyků. Podrobné informace o hodnocení jsou k dispozici na webové stránce úlohy.This paper describes Slav-NER: the 3rd Multilingual Named Entity Challenge in Slavic languages. The tasks involve recognizing mentions of named entities in Web documents, normalization of the names, and cross-lingual linking. The Challenge covers six languages and five entity types, and is organized as part of the 8th Balto-Slavic Natural Language Processing Workshop, co-located with the EACL 2021 Conference. Ten teams participated in the competition. Performance for the named entity recognition task reached 90% F-measure, much higher than reported in the first edition of the Challenge. Seven teams covered all six languages. Detailed evaluation information is available on the shared task web page